Eighteen Standards That the Geographically Informed Person Knows and Understands
The World in Spatial Terms
1. How to use maps and other geographic representations, tools, and technologies to acquire, process, and report information.
2. How to use mental maps to organize information about people, places, and environments.
3. How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface.
Places and Regions
4. The physical and human characteristics of places.
5. That people create regions to interpret Earth's complexity.
6. How culture and experience influence people's perception of places and regions.
Physical Systems
7. The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth's surface.
8. The characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems on Earth's surface.
Human Systems
9. The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface.
10. The characteristics, distributions, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
11. The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface.
12. The process, patterns, and functions of human settlement.
13. How forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface.